Slideshow

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Clerestory: 3% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a common warehouse design with tall storage racks over 75% of the flooar area and a small ribbon clerestory windows wrapping the two long facades. The glass to floor area ratio (GFAR) is 3%, that is 3% of the floor area is represented with glass. The floor area above 150 lux is 0%.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Clerestory: 5% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a common warehouse design with small ribbon clerestory windows wrapping all facades. The GFAR is 5%. The floor area above 150 lux is still 0%, however there is a slight improvement in visual perception of brightness.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Clerestory: 7% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a warehouse design with moderately sized ribbon clerestory windows wrapping all facades. The GFAR is 7%. The floor area above 150 lux is still 0%, however there is a slight improvement in visual perception of brightness.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Clerestory: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a gymnasium design with large clerestory windows wrapping all facades. The GFAR is 11%. The floor area above 150 lux is still 0%, however there is a slight improvement in visual perception of brightness.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Skylights: 3% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a common warehouse design with small translucent skylights distributed across the ceiling. The GFAR is 3%. The floor area above 150 lux is 0%. The distribution of daylight is improved over the clerestory solutions and the space perceives much brighter as compared to pattern step 10-1 (Clerestory: 3% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio [GFAR]) with the same GFAR located in the walls. This is because the skylights put light into the middle of the space and illuminate the goods in the storage racks.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Skylights: 5% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a warehouse design with translucent skylights (50% VLT) distributed across the ceiling. The GFAR is 5%. The floor area above 150 lux is still 0%, however there is a marked improvement over the previous pattern step in terms of visual perception and over the clerestory solution with the same GFAR. These data represent an overcast sky in Seattle on September 21st at noon.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Skylights: 7% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent a warehouse design with translucent skylights (50% VLT) distributed across the ceiling. The GFAR is 7%. The floor area above 150 lux is still 0%, however the majority of the space is above 100 lux.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Skylights: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive warehouse design with translucent skylights (50% VLT) distributed across the ceiling. The GFAR is 11%. The floor area above 150 lux is 7%.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Skylights: 22% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive warehosue design with translucent skylights (50% VLT) distributed across the ceiling. The GFAR is 22%. The floor area above 150 lux jumps to 72%. The distribution of daylight is improved over the clerestory solutions and the previous skylight solution. However, in many climates, and depending on warehouse heating and cooling criteria, it may be inappropriate to employ this vast amount of toplighting due to overall energy concerns.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Monitors w/ Skylights: 22% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive warehouse with translucent skylights (50% VLT) alternating with roof monitors with a combination of south-facing (translucent) glass and north-facing (clear) glass. The GFAR remains at 22%, however the floor area above 150 lux falls from 72% to 42%. This decrease is due to the fact that clerestory monitors are not as successful as skylights in their ability to drive daylight to the floor plane. However, this could be a successful solution in terms of total energy performance due to the ability to naturally ventilate and cool the space with the clerestory monitors.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Sawtooth Small: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive, although not uncommon, north-facing sawtooth solution. The GFAR is 11%. The floor area above 150 lux is 5%, which is much better than pattern step 10-4 (Clerestory: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio [GFAR]) that has 11% GFAR all located as clerestories in the perimeter walls. The directional light provided by single sided clerestory monitors is not as problematic in this pattern sequence as it was in pattern sequence 9 (Toplighting: Gymnasium) since the storage racks serve to reflect light and balance the space somewhat.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Sawtooth Small: 22% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive north-facing sawtooth solution. The GFAR is 22%. The floor area above 150 lux is 58%.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Sawtooth Large: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive north-facing sawtooth solution using large structural members to support a series of broad sloped clerestory monitors. The GFAR is 11%. The floor area above 150 lux is 42%, which is up from 5% using the same GFAR in the small sawtooth approach of pattern step 10-11 (Sawtooth Small: 11% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio [GFAR]). The choice of sawtooth spacing is one that should be made in conjunction with an understanding of the storage rack spacing so that daylight penetrates the racks and onto the goods stored.

Pattern 10: Toplighting (Warehouse Toplighting Design)

Sawtooth Large: 22% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio (GFAR)

Pattern Filmstrip

These data represent an aggressive north-facing sawtooth solution using large structural members to support a series of broad sloped clerestory monitors with additional skylights placed on the sloping sides. The GFAR is 22%. The floor area above 150 lux is 72%, which is up from 58% using the same GFAR in the small sawtooth approach of pattern step 10-12 (Sawtooth Small: 22% Glazing to Floor Area Ratio [GFAR]). The choice of sawtooth spacing is one that should be made in conjunction with an understanding of the storage rack spacing so that daylight penetrates the racks and onto the goods stored.